Hair curler



HAIR CURLER* I Filed Dec. 7, 1929 32 vlaNToRy m A NEY.

Patented Mar. 21, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE EDWARD BJ'ORmN, 0F DJURSHOLM, SWEDEN', AND .TOEN GFJSO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

HAIBGUBLEB Application led December 7, 1929. Serial No. 412,825.

This invention relates to improvements in curlers for use in permanent hair waving.

Up to the present time, curlers of the 1nteriorly heated type have been formed of metal, and have either had openings into which heating units were inserted, or have had electrical heating elements permanently mounted within the curler.

One of the difficulties with curlers of the above types was the fact that the heat developed had a deleterious eil'ect upon the hair, which was in direct contact with the metal exterior surface.

Another diiculty lay in the fact that with interiorl heated curlers of these types, the heat deve oped in the central portion of the curler was greater than the heat developed at the end portions, with the result that the hair wound around the curler or along the curler was subjected to various degrees of heating, and the hair either burned in parts and the texture thereof destroyed by overheating, or was heated 1nsuiiiciently to produce the required permanent wave. If not overheated, it was subjected to various ranges of heat along the curler, so as to produce an uneven and 1rre ar wave.

pecifically, this invention contemplates 80 the application of a molded curler, formed essentially of a phenolic condensation product having particularly4 uniform heat conducting properties in conjunction with its vinherent insulation characteristics, and having imbedded therein a resistance or heat developing element of such formation as to rovide an even distribution of heat, conducted through the walls of the curler, whereby the entire length of hair Wound about the curler has imparted thereto the same heatin effect. a

Specifica y, it is an object of. this invention to provide a curler comprising a nonmetallic cylinder, or a cylinder bowed concavely towards the center, in which curler there is embedded a strip or section of resistance wire so positioned, and so proportioned as to produce an even distribution of heat all along the len h of the curler.

50 4These and other a vantages, capabilities and features of the invention will appear from the subjoined detail description of one specific embodiment therefor illustrated in the accompany drawing.

Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of one form of this invention.

Figure 2 is a front elevation in section taken along lines 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a sideelevation partly in section of one form of this invention.

Figure 4 is a front elevation in section taken along lines 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a side elevation partly in section of one form of this invention. Figure 6 is a front elevation in section taken along lines 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure A7 is a side elevation partly in section of one form of this invention.

Figure 8 is a front elevation in section taken along lines 8--8 of Figure 7.

Referring to the reference characters in the drawing, numeral 10 represents the shell or casing forming the exterior of the curler, the said shell being in this case concavel)r bowed towards the center as atll and 11 Within the shell 10 there is positioned the resistance unit shown in Figures 1 and 2 as a flat plate or strip 12, which is of considerable Width as at center portion 13, and which narrows down towards the ends 14 and 14', the ends having either formed integral therewith or attached thereto contact rods 15, which pro'ect through the end Wall 16 of the shell. rooves or apertures 17 and 17 are molded at one end of the shell, in which grooves there is adapted to be positioned trunnions 18 and 18 formed as either integral with or attached to the clamp member 19, which is adapted to be thus pivotally mounted at one end of a shell, and rest upon andhold in position strands of hair wound alon the curler. At one end of the curler, re erablv the end adjacent 4Ato which the clip is fastened, gripping portions G are formed, so that the curler may,

be grasped and turned by the operator for winding and unwinding a strand of hair.

To produce this device, a mold is provided ,of substantially the contour of the shell 10,

in which there is positioned the completely assembled resistance element 12 havin the contact ends thereon a henolic condg tion product in wcere form is laced in the mold, and t e mold subjecte to heat and reure, whereupon the powdered pheno 'c condensation product assumes a solidified form shown in Figure 1, and has firmly imbedded therein the resistance element 12.

Referring to Figure 3, a shell 10 of the same configuration is provided, the variation between the disclosure in Flgures 1 and 3 being vthe ap lication of a non-conductor 20 formed of mica, of substantially the same shape as the resistance element 12, about which there is wound a resistance wire 21. The resistance wire, however, is wound more densely at the end portions 22 and 22', and more sparsely at the center portions 23 and 23', the ends of the wire being continued so as to form the projecting contacts 24 and 24', although these contacts may be separable elements attached to the endsV of the wire.

In view of the formation of the resistance element so that the center portion is sparsel wound, and the end portions densely woun the heat developed at the end portions will be greater in proportion to the heat developed in the center portion where the shell wall is muchthinner.

The molding process to form this modification shown in Figures 3 and 4 is the same as that applied in forming structure shown ,in Figure 1, with the exception that in the mold there is placed the insulating member 20 having a resistance wire wound thereon.

Referring to Figure 5, a third modification of this device is indicated where the resistance wire 25 in form of a coil having a center portion sparsely wound, as at 26 and 26', and end portions densely wound as at 27 and 27', terminating in two conductors 28 and 28 is directly imbedded in a manner similar to the plate 12 shown in Figure 1 into the powdered phenolic condensation product, and then molded to shape.

In the structure shown in Figures 7 and 8, the same molding steps, and the same shell are applied, but instead of a coiled spring as shown in Figures 3 and 5, a flat spring having ridges 30 and 30', and a single unridged or uncoiled portion 3l is molded within the shell, the ends of the wire as before either having contacts 32 and 32 formed integral therewith, or attached thereto before the moldin process.

Althou h the disc osures in the drawing and speci cation indicate a cylindrical shell which has its outer surface bowed in concavely from end to center, it is within the province of this invention to provide for a cylindrical shell formed of a phenolic condensation Product, and having a resistance element o the nature above specified imbedded therein. With the use of such a re' sistanoe element, the tendency of the o posingendsoftheunittobecoolerthant ,1n the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A curler comprising a shell formed ofl a phenolic condensation product, and having imbedded therein a ribboned resistance element, the ends of said resistance element being undulations therefor to introduce a higher resistivity at the ends thereof to an electrical current than the center thereof, whereby to produce a heat effect varying in intensity along the length of said resistance element, the s ell being so formed with respect to the resistance therein contained as to cause the distribution of an even heating effect to hair wound thereon.

2. A hair curler comprising a shell formed of a phenolic condensation product inthe shape of a cylinder having its sides curved concavely inwardly towards the center thereof, to provide for a greater thickness of the shell at the ends than at the center, and having imbedded therein a resistance element in the form of a ribboned strip of wire havin a flat center and undulations formed at t e opposite ends thereof, whereby to produce a greater heat effect within the shell at the ends thereof, than at the center thereof, upon the passage therethrough of current, but to provide for an even distribution of heat along the exterior of the shell.

3. A hair curler comprised of a shell formed of a phenolic condensation product having greater thickness at the ends than at the center, and havin imbedded therein a resistance element in t e form of a stri of wire extending in one plane from en to end of the shell and having its end portions bent in the form of undulations, whereby vto cause the production of a greater heat effect within the shell at the ends thereof than at the center, upon the passage therethrou h of current, but to provide for an even lstribution of heat through the length of the shell.

GEORGE EDWARD BJ ORKMAN. JOHN GELOSO.

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